Painting

New Analysis Reveals That the Famed ‘Ugly Duchess’ Renaissance Painting May Not Depict a Woman After All


A new exhibition at the National Gallery in London is taking another look at Flemish artist Quinten Massys’s mystifying 1513 painting An Old Woman, popularly known as The Ugly Duchess.

According to a statement in the exhibition catalogue, the figure in the 16th century work “challenges every traditional canon of beauty.” It describes “an elderly woman with lively eyes set deep in their sockets, a snub nose, wide nostrils, pimply skin, a hairy mole, bulging forehead, and a prominent square chin.”

But not everyone agrees. In “The Ugly Duchess: Beauty and Satire in the Renaissance” (on view from March 16 through June 11), curator Emma Capron advocates for a different read of the enigmatic work. The leading expert in Renaissance art is making the case that the old woman is not a woman at all.

“She is most likely a he, a cross-dresser as a play on gender,” Capron told The Guardian. “We know that Massys was very interested in carnivals, where men would impersonate women.” Indeed, notes the statement in the catalogue, a festival dance known as the moresca—in which a sought-after young woman would “often be played by a cross-dressed man”—was popular in Northern Europe at the time.

Francesco Melzi, after Leonardo, ‘The bust of a grotesque old woman’ (1510-20). Red chalk on paper. The Royal Collection / HM King Charles III Royal Collection Trust / © His Majesty King Charles III 2023. Courtesy of the National Gallery.

Francesco Melzi, after Leonardo, The Bust of a Grotesque Old Woman (1510-20). The Royal Collection / HM King Charles III Royal Collection Trust / © His Majesty King Charles III 2023. Courtesy of the National Gallery, London.

The work has hung in the National Gallery for more than 80 years, where it is one of the museum’s “best-known faces.” Informally, it is referred to as The Ugly Duchess as it served as the inspiration for Sir John Tenniel’s illustrations of the mercurial duchess in Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, the 1865 children’s classic.

Over the years, medical experts have contended that the subject suffered from Paget’s disease, in which bones weaken and eventually become disfigured. But Capron takes a different view. “It’s not Paget’s,” she said, “nor any of the other suggestions like dwarfism or elephantiasis.” Rather, “[Massys’s] images, sometimes grotesque, sometimes simply fanciful and satirical, are partly metaphors for the social disorder of the time,” explained Capron. He is also “just having fun.”

Furthermore, the exhibition claims that a drawing attributed to Leonardo da Vinci’s lead assistant Francesco Melzi, called The Bust of a Grotesque Old Woman, was the basis of Massys’s An Old Woman. Melzi’s image, on loan from the Royal Collection, is thought to be a copy of a lost original by Da Vinci’s own hand. Familiar with the exaggerated physiognomic types popularized by Da Vinci, Massys adapted the woman’s visage from one of the Italian master’s own caricatures.

Royal Collection Trust / © His Majesty King Charles III 2023. Courtesy of the National Gallery, London.

Leonardo da Vinci, A Satire on Aged Lovers (ca. 1490). The Royal Collection / HM King Charles III Royal Collection Trust / © His Majesty King Charles III 2023. Courtesy of the National Gallery, London.

There is another piece to the puzzle. An Old Woman is one of a pair of paintings by Massys; the companion piece is An Old Man. They are reunited in the exhibition. However, the woman is on the left, whereas in most Renaissance paintings their positions would have been reversed. The woman is also holding a rosebud—a flower with sexual connotations—as a token of her love. Here again the roles are reversed. The gesture went unrequited as the man has his hand raised, seemingly rejecting the romance she is offering.

It “may be another clue that An Old Woman is a man in woman’s clothing,” noted Capron.

 

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A Painting by a One-Eared Dog Named Van Gogh Just Sold for $10,000 at an Animal Rescue Benefit Auction


Van Gogh is soaring to new heights at auction—and no, we don’t mean the famed Dutch painter Vincent van Gogh. We’re talking about Van Gogh, the one-eared rescue dog who painted his way into the internet’s hearts last year with his colorful canvases and heartwarming adoption story.

The canine artist is once again lending his talents to the Happily Furever After Rescue in Bethel, Connecticut, which helped find him a loving home.

At an online benefit auction that kicked off today, Van Gogh the dog’s birthday, the pet food company Pedigree paid $10,000 for the dog’s rendition of Vincent Van Gogh’s masterpiece Starry Night. (The auction runs through March 30, which is Van Gogh the artist’s 170th birthday.)

All the proceeds of Van Gogh the dog’s auction will benefit the rescue efforts of Happily Furever After, which specializes in dogs like pit bulls, who can sometimes have a hard time finding homes due to the breed’s frequent abuse in dog fighting.

Van Gogh the dog painting <em>Sunflowers</em>. Photo courtesy of Happily Furever After Rescue.

Van Gogh the dog painting Sunflowers. Photo courtesy of Happily Furever After Rescue.

Van Gogh the dog himself lost his ear to the cruel world of dog fighting, when he was used as a bait dog in the ring. The paintings in the current auction, titled “Van Gogh Reimagined,” are all based off of compositions by the original Van Gogh. (Unlike a painting by the Dutch master, the dog’s art starts the bidding at just $25 a piece.)

“Having Van Gogh create some of history’s most famous paintings felt like big shoes to fill,” founder Jaclyn Gartner told Midnight Publishing Group News in an email. “There was a lot more attention to detail this time around to make sure to incorporate all the colors and try to recreate the pieces as closely as possible.”

Van Gogh the dog, <em>Starry Night</em>. Photo courtesy of Happily Furever After Rescue.

Van Gogh the dog, Starry Night. Photo courtesy of Happily Furever After Rescue.

So did Van Gogh set a new record for a dog artist? Unfortunately, the Midnight Publishing Group Price Database doesn’t track dog data, but a 2016 listicle on canine art prices—including one by a pet nicknamed DogVinci—couldn’t find any sales results over $1,700.

Though the canine Van Gogh’s paintings have become a surprise fundraising hit, helping the one-eared pup discover his artistic talents was originally a tactic Gartner devised to help him find a new owner.

Van Gogh the dog, <em>Almond Blossoms</em>. Photo courtesy of Happily Furever After Rescue.

Van Gogh the dog, Almond Blossoms. Photo courtesy of Happily Furever After Rescue.

She staged the dog’s first “gallery show” as an adoption event in October. When Happily Furever posted on Facebook decrying the lack of visitors, the story went viral. Commissions for Van Gogh paintings came rolling in, and foster volunteer Jessica Starowitz adopted him.

Since finding his new home, Van Gogh has painted more than 150 new works of art. To make each work, a person applies blobs of colors of paint to a canvas placed inside a plastic bag. The dog then completes the artwork by licking off a coating of peanut butter or other dog-friendly treats from the outside of the bag.

Van Gogh the dog, <em>Wheat Field With Cypresses</em>. Photo courtesy of Happily Furever After Rescue.

Van Gogh the dog, Wheat Field With Cypresses. Photo courtesy of Happily Furever After Rescue.

“The most exciting part about Van Gogh painting is never really knowing what it’s going to come out to look like as it depends on how his tongue slides across the peanut butter coated bag,” Gartner said.

“Since we did the art gallery in October, Van Gogh has explored more tasty toppings,” she added. “We have begun incorporating other things like ground up liverwurst, pumpkin puree, and goat whip. Painting has become an even more delicious hobby for Van Gogh! “

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Oliver Beer on Painting With Sound and Making Spine-Tingling Music With Paleolithic Caves


The setting for Oliver Beer’s studio, nestled beneath a set of noisy railway arches in South East London, didn’t feel like a natural fit for an artist whose work deals with the music and barely perceptible sounds.

Then again, as he greeted me wearing a boiler suit with a pair of ear defenders around his neck, the location means he’s likely to never to get a noise complaint from the neighbors. 

Although the workshop part of Beer’s studio was cluttered with broken instruments and differently shaped objects, the rows of clear plastic boxes, meticulously labeled, felt more in line with the personality of the artist, who seems carefully articulate and attentive.

Beer has a gift for being able to hear the natural resonance of any room or hollow object. He can also tell you, just by listening, what key a sound is in. He channelled this talent into studying composition at university, and had a stint as a member of an indie rock band before making his name as an artist.

As he toured me around the workshop, he introduced some of the objects in the room, picking up an elephant shaped vessel, singing its note into it, and causing it to hum right back at him in harmony. 

His eclectic collection of vessels is dear to him, and has formed the basis of many bodies of work; perhaps best known is a project created using 32 objects from the Met’s collection. Beer built a playable orchestra out of the natural resonance of the artifacts. A kaleidoscopic collection of cats in another part of the studio gave away that he is now working on a cousin of the Met project, a “cat orchestra” inspired by a 17th-century da Vinci-style polymath’s unhinged designs for a cat organ

Another work, currently on view at the London Mithraeum, allows visitors to amplify the acoustic resonance of vessels found on the former site of the historic Roman temple. Also on view in that exhibition are a series of new paintings he has dubbed “resonance paintings,” which are created without ever touching the canvas. By blasting sound beneath a canvas covered with pigment, the particles of color come alive like tiny little ravers, dancing across the canvas to create remarkable abstract paintings.

He expands more on this process in the conversation below.

Oliver Beer's studio. Photo by ©Jason Alden.

Oliver Beer’s studio. Photo by ©Jason Alden.

Music is obviously a big part of your life. What’s on your playlist at the moment?

I’ve been listening to very diverse things. Everything from pretty hard electronic slash ambient slash classical [sic]. I think because I studied music, and because I’ve worked with so many musicians of different genres, I have a very eclectic taste.

Last night I was listening to an incredible Shostakovich prelude, a song by this group called Low, which is super intense electronic—their song Quorum [features] a Haitian singer called Melissa Laveaux, who I’m working with at the moment. She’s incredible and sings her own contemporary interpretation of Haitian music.

Tell me about the “resonance” paintings—is this a new body of work? 

This is a body of work that started during the lockdown, though it originated in a piece that I made in around 2008 or 2009 when I was still at Ruskin [College], in my second year. I put a handful of flour on an Irish drum and I put a speaker underneath it, and because I studied music and music is a big part of the way I experience the world, I was able to essentially tune the music to the drum and make that flour go into the most beautiful cosmic patterns through the vibrations. 

For these new works, I have taken a horizontal blank canvas rather than a drum, and placed the finest possible pigment on the surface so the sound moves the pigment into that same geometric shape. I’m able to paint very deliberately and carefully on the canvas without ever touching it, by using sound as my paintbrush. 

What I’ve been working on for a long time is the form of music—the fact that music really has a shape, literal geometric shape, which people don’t really understand or appreciate. Usually when you go to a concert, you think you’re only listening to vibrations, but if you could see the vibrations like on the surface of water, you would be able to see that the music is coming at you, filling the room with the most beautiful geometric, three dimensional patterns.

Oliver Beer. Installation images from "Albion Waves". ©Marcus Leith.

Oliver Beer. Installation images from “Albion Waves”. ©Marcus Leith.

 What would you say is the most indispensable item in your studio?

A lot of the work I’ve done is to do with the voice. Human voice is the most deeply charged, instrumental area. It’s both a musical instrument, but it’s also your most fundamental means of communication. And what gets me about the voice when we talk to each other is that like all those vibrations in the “resonance paintings,” our voices are doing the same thing in the air between us. So we’re actually constantly sending geometry and form at each other, and our brain interprets that geometry as intelligible sound. 

Our voices are also making every single atom vibrate in synchrony. So when I speak, every single atom in your body is moving in synchrony with that vibration. That’s an incredible way of being in touch with each other, like literally touching each other with our voices. I think when you have a singer, for example, it becomes all that much more compelling because you go to a concert and everyone in the room is literally being moved by that same sound, which is just the vibration of the vocal cords, it’s so simple.

Oliver Beer studio. Photo by Naomi Rea.

Oliver Beer studio. Photo by Naomi Rea.

You’re working on a pretty special project at the moment, for the paleolithic caves in the south of France. Can you tell me more about that?

I’m shooting a video opera in the famous painted caves, home to the oldest art in the world. I managed to get the keys from the French government. I was just rehearsing with Rufus Wainwright last weekend here; he’ll be in it.

The caves are closed to the public now, because they are so fragile, aren’t they?

Lascaux is closed. The part that I have access to is very limitedly accessible. They have a very strict amount of time that you can spend in there, calculated in hours of breath. So it’s particularly exceptional that they’ve let me in with singers.

Caves are just like giant vessels. And I found a way of making the caves sing, just by whispering to the walls. And when you do that, they sing back so loudly that you cannot even hear your own voice anymore, you just hear this incredible sound coming from the caves. I’ll go down seven times with seven different singers and they’ll all sing a duet with the cave. And when I cut it together, they’ll all be perfectly in tune with each other. Because the cave has never changed its note, it becomes like a tuning fork, keeping everyone in tune.

What will they be singing?

The principle behind the caves opera is that every singer who I’m working with will giving me the earliest musical memory that they have in their entire lives, which will almost always come from a parent or grandparent, and I’m weaving those seven melodies into seven part polyphony, which the cave will force into harmony with each other. So even though they’re from the most diverse possible backgrounds—from Haiti to North America to France to Lebanon—they will be singing their inherited music in perfect harmony thanks to this space. The space becomes this cultural unifier in some way.

Oliver Beer in the studio. Photo by Naomi Rea.

Oliver Beer in the studio. Photo by Naomi Rea.

How many studio assistants do you work with to pull off projects like this?

We have so many different projects so that number grows and shrinks according to what we’ve got going on. The video opera obviously is a major project—it’s actually a prize from the French government. Macron put €30 million behind post-pandemic projects and part of that has funded this very ambitious film work. I’ll work with a production company on that. 

I’ve got a show with the Museum of Modern Art in Paris next year, “Reanimation Paintings,” and it’s going to take a lot of organization as well. It will be inspired by seven paintings in the collection—ten thousand different children will each redraw one of the seven paintings, and those thousands of drawings will be scanned and printed onto celluloid film and projected to become like living canvases of each original painting seen through the psychedelic originality of the children’s vision. At the same time, I’ll record thousands of their voices in a recording studio that I’ll build in the gallery. And I’ll work all these sounds into a very intense musical soundtrack for the final seven screen immersive installation which will represented in 2024. 

So the studio has to be very nimble.

Is there a typical day in the studio for you? 

I have so many things that I want to make so I have to try to carve out time to do them whenever I can. The process for the “resonance paintings,” is very musical. It’s quite emotional, and it’s actually quite exhausting because I need to be very alert. It’s a bit like jazz improvisation, with a clear structure and lexicon though new possibilities can arise in the moment. So I’ll try and find a few times in the week where I can really quietly do that for several hours. Actually it’s not quiet, I’ll be making loads of noise.

Oliver Beer. Installation images from "Albion Waves". ©Marcus Leith.

Oliver Beer. Installation images from “Albion Waves”. ©Marcus Leith.

Vessels are a big part of your practice and you’ve involved different kinds in different ways—how do you go about sourcing them?

Originally I used objects from my own family, [like those] in the British Art Show [which closed in December] in Plymouth. That’s nice because it’s like a portrait of my family, but obviously you only have so many vessels in your life. That’s why the show at the Bloomberg Space [at the London Mithraeum] has become a portrait of British vessel-making going back 2,000 years.

The [institution] has these incredible objects from different periods of history that they found on the site of the Roman temple. It has been really fun to delve into the nature of British taste and object-making. I’ve collected a pretty democratic cross section of objects going back 2,000 years. They are suspended from the ceiling, and activated by movement sensors that detect the body’s presence: people will stand under them and the vessels will sing their notes.

It’s a really nice opportunity to do what I did at the Met, which is to take this acoustic principle and apply it to a collection of objects. At the Met, 21st-century objects were alongside sixth millennium BC objects, and they were perfectly coherent together, which was very museologically challenging for the museum. They have a hierarchy and protocol as to how objects are presented and why, and it took a lot of conceptual convincing for them to recognize that this way of understanding the objects was really valuable. I had to individually coax each of the conservators and curators from each department to collaborate on the project. Once we had achieved it, it became a playable instrument that harmonized objects from diverse cultures and civilizations.

What do you do whenever you are feeling stuck or in a rut? 

I haven’t really had time to feel stuck or in a rut for forever. I think if anything it’s the other way around. There’s so much that I want to build. During the lockdown I designed 12 acoustic pavilions, where the form of the architecture will create the most incredible natural sounds—now I’m working on finding places to build them.

The lockdown was amazing for me. I was very fortunate that it was a very productive time because I wasn’t able to go out, so I was able to compile all my drawings. Now, really, I’m burning to make everything, I just need the time and the resources to do it.

Oliver Beer: Albion Waves” is on view through July 15 at Bloomberg SPACE, London Mithraeum.

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In Pictures: A Henry Taylor Retrospective at MOCA Spotlights the Artist’s Individual Yet Universal Portraiture


In just about every article, interview, or press release written about Henry Taylor, he is described as “an artist’s artist.” No matter what that term actually means, it’s undoubtedly a compliment, but it cuts out the non-artist’s ability to appreciate and respect the man’s great talent.

If anything, Taylor is an artist of the people. He paints, sculpts, and draws them furiously, as evidenced by the extraordinary breadth of work on view in the career retrospective “Henry Taylor: B Side” on view at the Museum of Contemporary Art in the artist’s hometown of Los Angeles.

As a chronicler of people from every cross-section of humanity, Taylor’s subjects range from family members, to fellow artists, to the patients at the Camarillo State Mental Hospital where he worked decades ago. In all of his works, there is something both universal and achingly individual, with many of his paintings serving as character studies spliced with social commentary.

In the exhibition catalogue, curator Bennett Simpson writes of Taylor: “He is also, or maybe foremost, a champion and caretaker of Black experience, suffusing his work with recognition and social commentary alike. In this role, his paintings communicate a deep sense of responsibility—to memory and community, to excellence and contingency.”

See pictures from the exhibition below.

“Henry Taylor: B Side” is on view at MOCA Grand Avenue, 250 South Grand Avenue, Los Angeles, through April 30, 2023. 

Installation view, "Henry Taylor: B Side" at MOCA Grand Avenue. Courtesy o the Museum of Contemporary Art. Photo: Jeff McLane.

Installation view, “Henry Taylor: B Side” at MOCA Grand Avenue. Courtesy of the Museum of Contemporary Art. Photo: Jeff McLane.

Henry Taylor, Screaming Head (1999). mage and work ©Henry Taylor, courtesy the artist and Hauser & Wirth. Photo by Jeff McLane.

Henry Taylor, Screaming Head (1999). Image and work ©Henry Taylor, courtesy the artist and Hauser & Wirth. Photo by Jeff McLane.

Henry Taylor, Untitled (2022). Image and work ©Henry Taylor, courtesy the artist and Hauser & Wirth. Photo by Jeff McLane.

Henry Taylor, Untitled (2022). Image and work ©Henry Taylor, courtesy the artist and Hauser & Wirth. Photo by Jeff McLane.

Henry Taylor, Too Sweet (2016). Image and work ©Henry Taylor, courtesy the artist and Hauser & Wirth. Photo by Sam Kahn.

Henry Taylor, Too Sweet (2016). Image and work ©Henry Taylor, courtesy the artist and Hauser & Wirth. Photo by Sam Kahn.

Henry Taylor, Untitled (2021). Image and work ©Henry Taylor, courtesy the artist and Hauser & Wirth. Photo by Ken Adlard.

Henry Taylor, Untitled (2021). Image and work ©Henry Taylor, courtesy the artist and Hauser & Wirth. Photo by Ken Adlard.

Installation view, "Henry Taylor: B Side" at MOCA Grand Avenue. Courtesy o the Museum of Contemporary Art. Photo: Jeff McLane.

Installation view, “Henry Taylor: B Side” at MOCA Grand Avenue. Courtesy of the Museum of Contemporary Art. Photo: Jeff McLane.

Installation view, "Henry Taylor: B Side" at MOCA Grand Avenue. Courtesy o the Museum of Contemporary Art. Photo: Jeff McLane.

Installation view, “Henry Taylor: B Side” at MOCA Grand Avenue. Courtesy of the Museum of Contemporary Art. Photo: Jeff McLane.

Henry Taylor, Andrea Bowers (2010). Image and work ©Henry Taylor, courtesy the artist and Hauser & Wirth. Photo by Robert Bean.

Henry Taylor, Andrea Bowers (2010). Image and work ©Henry Taylor, courtesy the artist and Hauser & Wirth. Photo by Robert Bean.

Installation view, "Henry Taylor: B Side" at MOCA Grand Avenue. Courtesy o the Museum of Contemporary Art. Photo: Jeff McLane.

Installation view, “Henry Taylor: B Side” at MOCA Grand Avenue. Courtesy of the Museum of Contemporary Art. Photo: Jeff McLane.

Installation view, “Henry Taylor: B Side” at MOCA Grand Avenue. Courtesy of the Museum of Contemporary Art. Photo: Jeff McLane.

Henry Taylor, I Was King, When I Met The Queen – Syllable X’s Rhythm Equals Mumbo Jumbo (2013). Image and work ©Henry Taylor, courtesy the artist and Hauser & Wirth. Photo by Sam Kahn.

Henry Taylor, I Was King, When I Met The Queen – Syllable X’s Rhythm Equals Mumbo Jumbo (2013). Image and work ©Henry Taylor, courtesy the artist and Hauser & Wirth. Photo by Sam Kahn.

Henry Taylor, "Watch your back" (2013). Image and work ©Henry Taylor, courtesy the artist and Hauser & Wirth. Photo by Sam Kahn.

Henry Taylor, “Watch your back” (2013). Image and work ©Henry Taylor, courtesy the artist and Hauser & Wirth. Photo by Sam Kahn.

Installation view, "Henry Taylor: B Side" at MOCA Grand Avenue. Courtesy o the Museum of Contemporary Art. Photo: Jeff McLane.

Installation view, “Henry Taylor: B Side” at MOCA Grand Avenue. Courtesy of the Museum of Contemporary Art. Photo: Jeff McLane.

Henry Taylor, Untitled (1991). Image and work ©Henry Taylor, courtesy the artist and Hauser & Wirth. Photo by Jeff McLane.

Henry Taylor, Untitled (1991). Image and work ©Henry Taylor, courtesy the artist and Hauser & Wirth. Photo by Jeff McLane.

Henry Taylor, Gettin it Done (2016). Image and work ©Henry Taylor, courtesy the artist and Hauser & Wirth.

Henry Taylor, Gettin it Done (2016). Image and work ©Henry Taylor, courtesy the artist and Hauser & Wirth.

Henry Taylor, Cora (cornbread) (2008). Image and work ©Henry Taylor, courtesy the artist and Hauser & Wirth.

Henry Taylor, Cora (cornbread) (2008). Image and work ©Henry Taylor, courtesy the artist and Hauser & Wirth.

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A Prized Van Gogh Was Sold Under Nazi Threat, Say the Heirs of a Jewish Banker Who Are Suing to Reclaim the Painting From a Museum


The heirs of a German Jewish businessman are suing a Japanese company over its prized Van Gogh painting, which they say was sold under threat of Nazi punishment nearly 90 years ago.

Van Gogh’s Sunflowers (1888) once belonged to the Berlin-based banker Paul von Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, who hastily sold off his art collection in around 1934 in an effort to protect his other assets from the Nazis.  

After exchanging hands multiple times, the piece was purchased by the Yasuda Fire & Marine Insurance Company, in 1987, at Christie’s London for a then-record price of £25 million (roughly $40 million at the time). In 2002, Yasuda was incorporated into another company, Sompo Holdings, which owns Van Gogh’s canvas today.

But even though Yasuda acquired the painting legally, three of Mendelssohn-Bartholdy’s descendants—Julius H. Schoeps, Britt-Marie Enhoerning, and Florence Von Kesselstatt, who are all plaintiffs in the case—now argue that the company ignored the artwork’s historical context in purchasing it.

In their complaint, filed on December 13, 2022 in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, the heirs allege that Yasuda “recklessly—if not purposefully—ignored the provenance of Sunflowers that Christie’s published, which related that the famous Jewish Berlin banker and prominent Nazi victim Paul von Mendelssohn-Bartholdy sold the painting in Berlin in 1934—at a time when notorious Nazi policies were targeting and dispossessing elite Jewish bankers and businessmen like Mendelssohn-Bartholdy and wreaking havoc upon Germany’s Jewish population.”

Appended to the complaint is a 2001 email sent from the Yasuda Museum of Art to the Van Gogh Museum as the two institutions were discussing a possible loan of Sunflowers for an upcoming exhibition. 

“We are deeply concerned about our [Van] Gogh and Gauguin provenance,” an administrator from the Japanese company’s museum wrote in the message. “We think our two works have nothing to do with Nazi-looted art, but we are not 100% sure.” 

The entrance to the Sompo Museum of Art in Tokyo. Courtesy of the Sompo Museum of Art.

The heirs are seeking to have the painting transferred to their possession, or if that’s not an option, they want $750 million in damages—an amount they say is equal to the artwork’s present-day market value.

Representatives from Sompo Holdings did not immediately respond to Midnight Publishing Group News’s request for comment, but a spokesperson for the company previously told Courthouse News that “Sompo categorically rejects any allegation of wrongdoing and intends to vigorously defend its ownership rights in Sunflowers.

“It is a matter of public record that Yasuda Fire & Marine Insurance Company purchased the Vincent van Gogh Sunflowers work at public auction from Christie’s in London in 1987,” the company employee added, noting that, for the past 35 years, the painting has been on display at the Sompo Museum of Fine Art in Tokyo.

According to Van Gogh specialist Martin Bailey, who publishes a weekly blog on the painter for the Art Newspaper, the case will likely come down to whether or not the court determines that Sunflowers was subject to a “forced sale” at a below-market price because of Nazi persecution.

The complaint explains that “purposeful and unrelenting Nazi policies to exclude Jews from the economy of Germany—and especially to eradicate Jewish banks—crippled Mendelssohn-Bartholdy financially and forced him in or around 1934 to consign Sunflowers to Parisian art dealer Paul Rosenberg.” 

The filing refers to the sale as a “paradigmatic forced transfer,” although there is no known record of how much Rosenberg paid in the exchange, which may make it difficult to prove that Mendelssohn-Bartholdy was pressured to offload the painting at a low price. The heirs’ lawyers did not respond to an email from Midnight Publishing Group.

Sompo is expected to contest the complaint in court. Meanwhile, Sunflowers remains on display at the company’s Tokyo museum.

 

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